COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by the novel SARS CoV-2 virus, a single-stranded enveloped positive-sense RNA virus that emanated from Wuhan-China and has spread across all major cities and countries the world over.
The global spread of COVID-19 led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020.
A weekly report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) as of the 18th of February 2021 accounts for 109,206,497 reported cases and a total of 2,407,469 deaths recorded in 219 countries, territories, and International conveyance.
The disease is associated with different clinical manifestations ranging from non-specific mild symptoms such as headaches and fevers to severe pneumonia and eventually organ function damage. The most common specific symptoms related to the disease include fevers of different intensity (77.4%–98.6%), a persistent cough (59.4%–81.8%), fatigue (38.1%–69.6%), shortness of breath (3.2%–55.0%), muscle pain (11.1%–34.8%), sputum production (28.2%–56.5%) and headache (6.5%–33.9%) amongst others.
The highest number of cases was reported in the United States of America (North America region) 29,782,806 cases with 540,146 deaths, and the lowest number of cases in the selected top 73 countries was in Nigeria (Africa) 158,906 cases with 1,982 deaths.
SARS-CoV-2, strategies for managing the disease include cocktails of antiviral medications. Examples of these medications are; oseltamivir, lopinavir, ganciclovir and ritonavir tablets,7 antibiotics, immunoglobulin therapy, corticosteroids, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous renal replacement therapy and vaccination.
Besides these, several other preventive measures have been suggested, such as regular hand washing, use of face masks and most importantly, social distancing and quarantining. Consequently, various countries of the world initiated lockdowns aimed to limit people’s movement and protect national borders from foreign agents, which encouraged the spread of the disease. However, the lockdown has, in addition to curtailing the spread of the pandemic, have had various far-reaching impacts, including altering people’s lifestyle through measures that reduce human contact by mobility restrictions, working remotely and banning mass gatherings.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and presents an unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems and the world of work.
tens of millions of people are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, while the number of undernourished people, currently estimated at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of the year.
Without the means to earn an income during lockdowns, many are unable to feed themselves and their families. For most, no income means no food, or, at best, less food and less nutritious food
Countries in the global South and North following months of lockdown and restriction experienced fluctuations in the trade of goods and services.21 For instance, in the United Kingdom, lockdown impacted upon UK trade resulting in a fall in both imports and exports in quarter 2 (Apr to June) of 2020 and subsequent increase in imports and exports of trade in goods in quarter 3 (July to Sept) after the ease of restrictions.
the oil sector was extensively affected especially due to the inability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies to reach an understanding of production cuts necessary to stabilize oil prices, with Russia refusing to reduce oil production, which led Saudi Arabia to flood the oil market with excess products at a discounted price leading to the hardest cut in oil prices since 1991.
This has affected the formal education sector, with 143 countries enforcing a country-wide school closure. This has affected 1,184,126,508 (67.6%) of enrolled learners globally across the pre-primary, primary, lower and upper secondary levels and tertiary education levels.
The global lockdown has significantly affected tourism, with international tourism down by 22% in Q1 of 2020 and a projected decline by 60%–80% by the end of 2020.
The five main causes of psychological distress during the lockdown are identified as; duration of lockdown, fear of infections, feelings of frustration and boredom, inadequate supplies and inadequate information
Finally, this is all about Impact Of coronavirus in the year 2020. It has impacts physically, economically, psychologically and more.
WRITER- SANIYA ANSARI
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