Let’s first define social norms to understand their evolution,
Social norms are behavioural patterns within a community self-reinforce: Everyone conforms, is expected to conform, and wants to conform when they anticipate that everyone else will conform. Social norms are frequently maintained through a variety of reasons, such as a need for coordination, apprehension of punishment, indicating group membership, or merely following the example of others.
As demonstrated in this article, the dynamics that result can be studied using stochastic evolutionary game theory. I provide numerous examples from the fields of economics, sociology, demography, and political science to support my points. These cover conventions for negotiation, contract terms, retirement, duelling, foot binding, health care, and the use of contraceptives. These examples show how difficult it is to apply the theory in real-world situations.
Additionally, they demonstrate that the contemporary theory of norm dynamics produces insights and forecasts that transcend traditional equilibrium analysis.
Human social conduct is influenced by a variety of interrelated elements, such as material cost-benefit analysis, personality, and culturally transmitted norms, values, and institutions.
A social norm is a behaviour one should exhibit and anticipate others to exhibit in a certain social setting. Humans pick up social norms from their parents, from religious and educational institutions, from friends and acquaintances, books, and from the media. The social reinforcement of norm adherence comes from rewarding and praising those who uphold them while punishing those who do not.
If groups encourage peer punishment of free riders, norm internalisation develops considerably more quickly and has much greater consequences on behaviour. It is ineffective to just encourage involvement in group actions. Most frequently, norm internalisation occurs at intermediate levels, but there are also instances with relatively low frequencies of "oversocialized" people who are willing to make great sacrifices for their groups at any cost, as well as "undersocialized" people who are totally insensitive to social norms.
The development of the capacity to internalise standards was probably a key step toward widespread human cooperation.
WRITER- ABHILASHA RAI
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